Low estrogen exposure, such as early menopause, increases risk- possibly via increased rate of urinary tract infections and hormone related bladder dysfunction.
Bladder urothelial cancer in situ has a 50% risk of transforming into an invasive cancer within 5 years.
Bladder cancer 5-year survival rate is about 82%.
Common Signs & Symptoms
Blood in the urine
Irritating symptoms of painful/difficult urination, frequency, urge incontinence, urgency
Obstructive symptoms such as intermittent or decrease force of urinary stream, straining while urinating or feeling of incomplete voiding
